CONTENTS

Analysis Methods
     Major Elements
     Trace Elements

This help file contains documentation for the plutonic whole-rock lithogeochemical database provided on the Geoscience Atlas. This online database consists of about 5000 rock samples, presently all from insular Newfoundland. It contains all available major and trace element analyses for each sample. It also contains some field and thin section descriptions, such as tectonic fabric, texture and presence of various minerals. The sample sites are plotted in geographic coordinates (i.e., latitude-longitude, datum NAD27), although the UTM eastings and northings, based on their various zones, are also available in the database.

This database is essentially a repackaged version of Dickson and Kerr (2007), which was updated from Kerr et al. (1994). The Kerr et al. (1994) database comprises analyses from essentially plutonic rock samples collected from 1972 to 1994 by Newfoundland and Labrador Geological Survey personnel. The Dickson and Kerr (2007) database has additional plutonic data from 1994 to 1999.

Data from samples collected on the Island from 2000 to the present, as well as from Labrador, will be added in the future.  The data is available as individual files through the Atlas Indexes group, Index of Geochemical Surveys layer.  Select a survey and click on the 'link' field on the left side of the Search Results window to go to the Geofiles bibliographic listing and further links to the report and database.

(modified from Kerr et al., 1994)

The database contains analyses for samples collected over many years (1972 to 1999) by different project geologists. Different methodologies for coding field information as well as advances in laboratory analysis techniques have resulted in a large database where information is not complete for all variables. The field and major element variables are listed in Table 1 and the trace elements are listed in Table 2. Each table also includes a count of the number of non-missing values.

Missing values (i.e., no analysis or data) are indicated by "-99" in the numeric columns and by blanks in the text columns.

Three numbering schemes (LabNum, SampleNum and FieldNum) are included in the database in order to be able to trace each sample back to the geologists field records and to the original laboratory analyses. Labnum is the unique numbering scheme used by the NL Geological Surveys laboratory to number the samples provided for analysis as well as inserting numbers for laboratory duplicates and standards (see Quality Control). SampleNum is the numbering scheme used in previous versions of this database and consists of a mixture of LabNum and FieldNum. FieldNum is a text field used to store the geologists numbering scheme as used in their field notebooks. This column has not been fully compiled yet. It presently (Sept. 2010) consists of about 500 entries where the LabNum was initially also used as a field number but diverged (in the mid-1990s) after the number 2243478, resulting in approx. 160 FieldNums which look like LabNums but are not.

The field observation of "Rocktype" may be subjective and/or inconsistent, so should not be used as a classification method except within a project area mapped by a single geologist.

The list of key mineral phases (e.g., presence or absence of hornblende, biotite, garnet etc.) and mineralization (e.g., sulfide) only indicate if a mineral or mineralization was obvious in the field or in hand specimens and not if that mineral is present in thin section.

(modified from Kerr et al., 1994)

Rock samples in the Plutonic Database were analysed predominantly by the Newfoundland and Labrador Geological Survey (NLGS) laboratory and also by the Department of Earth Sciences at Memorial University.

All major elements have been analysed by the NL Geological Survey's laboratory, with consistent techniques and monitoring of data quality (see Quality Control section). The major elements consist of the standard set of elements expressed as percent oxide values (i.e., SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, FeO_TTR, Fe2O3T, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, MnO, and P2O5: see Table 1). The database consists of samples with major element totals (including LOI) predominantly between 98% and 102%.

Most of the major elements were analysed by two methods using two different digestions (listed in column "MajorsMeth" in the database). See Table 3 for a description of the method codes (e.g., AAS ) and Table 4 for a description of the changes to instrumentation and digestion methods through the years. Prior to 1980, major elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and sample digestion was by HF/HCl/H3BO3. From 1980 to 1984 the digestion method included an LiBO2 fusion procedure followed by the HF/HCl/H3BO3 digestion and AAS analysis. Since 1984 the digestion method has remained the same but the analysis is now by inductively-coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Note that samples from Strong (1972) were reanalysed in 1990.

A few major elements were analyzed by more specialized techniques, such as titration (for FeO)and infrared-gas analysis (for CO2, H2O and S). For these elements the method of analysis is reflected as a suffix in the database column name (e.g., FeO_TTR,CO2_IGA). Loss-on-ignition (LOI) is analysed by the standard gravimetric technique at 1000 C.

Values for iron exist in a number of data columns that reflect the oxidation state of iron: Fe2O3, FeO_TTR and Fe2O3T. The acid digestion, used for analysis of all the major elements, oxidizes all the iron to Fe(III) and this value is reported in the column Fe2O3T (i.e., total iron oxide as Fe(III)). If Fe(II) is analyzed by titration then it is reported in the column FeO_TTR. With the Fe(II) analysis completed, the amount of Fe(III) (as Fe2O3) in the sample can be calculated by difference: Fe2O3 = Fe2O3T - (FeO_TTR * 1.111). If Fe(II) is not analyzed, then both FeO and Fe2O3 will be reported as -99 (i.e., not determined).

All major element values are reported to two decimal places, including TiO2 and P2O5 which can be detected to three decimal places using more recent techniques. Detection limits are 0.07% to 0.001%, but all values at or below the detection limit of 0.01% have been coded as 0.01% to eliminate the need for a third decimal place. Table A 3.1 from Kerr et al. (1994) lists estimates of detection limits and precision for the major element oxides from analytical duplicates in the plutonic database from samples collected prior to 1994. Table 1 in Finch (1998) lists the more recent detection limits for major element oxides by ICP-OES.

Trace elements are listed in alphabetical order of their symbol name (from Ag to Zr), except for the Lanthanides (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb, and Lu) which are grouped at the end and are listed in atomic number order for ease of plotting REE diagrams. Since all the samples were collected by NLGS personnel, the trace elements have been analysed by a limited number of digestions, instrument methods (AAS, ICP-OES, IGA, INAA, ISE and XRF) and laboratories (the NLGS laboratory and by the Earth Science Department at Memorial University) over the 30 years of collection.

Hayes (1994b, Table B1) lists the various analytical methods, along with their digestion/decomposition, laboratory and trace elements analysed. The following is a summary of the information. Whole rock geochemical analyses began in 1978. Prior to 1986, most of the trace elements were analysed by AA at the NLGS laboratory and by XRF analysis (pressed pellets) at Memorial University. During 1985 an ICP-OES was installed in the NLGS laboratory and took over the roll of the XRF at Memorial. Fluorine was analysed by ISE, uranium was analysed by INAA, and Sn and W have been analysed by INAA and other techniques. See Table 3 for a description of the method codes (e.g., AAS ).

Since 1980, Ba, Cr and Zr have been analysed along with the major elements using the same total digestion technique as the major elements (LiBO2 fusion followed by HF/HCl/H3BO3 digestion), in order to break down the resistant minerals such as barite, chromite and zircon.

Since 1983, virtually all trace elements, with the exception of Sn, W and U, have been determined by the NLGS laboratory. Improvements in the NLGS laboratory have increased the number of elements analyzed by the ICP-ES technique, with a data quality that is comparable or better than the AA technique. These data are the most consistent in terms of quality.

Table 3.2 from Kerr et al. (1994) lists estimates of detection limits and precision for the trace elements from analytical duplicates in the plutonic database from samples collected prior to 1994. Note that there are significant inter-year variations for most trace elements prior to 1994 (see Part B by Hayes, 1994b). Table 2 in Finch (1998) lists the more recent detection limits for trace elements by ICP-OES.

Caution is advised when modelling the data especially where there are only small differences in concentration. Data comparisons are best done with data from a single project.

(modified from Hayes, 1994b)

All NL GS laboratory and post-1982 analytical external data have been monitored by using duplicate samples and control samples (standards). Each set of 18 rock samples had one sample randomly selected, the rock powder was split and inserted into the set of 18 with a non-adjacent LabNum. A control sample or standard was also included in the set of 18, bringing the total in each batch to 20; 18 samples, 1 duplicate and 1 control. If the precision or value of the control sample was outside predetermined limits the entire batch of twenty samples was rejected and re-analyzed.

Major element suites for individual samples were checked to ensure that the total was close to the acceptable range of 98.5% to 101.0%. Samples falling outside the range were re-analyzed. Some records on the plutonic data file may fall outside this range due to high levels of trace elements not considered part of the major element suite or the inclusion of data that fell outside the range despite re-analysis.

A complete discussion of precision and accuracy, including statistics, is given in Part B of Kerr et al. (1994). And a review of the accuracy of standards is given in Hayes (1994).

Table 1: List of field and major elements.
The laboratory number (LabNum) is used as the unique identifier of the samples. This is followed by variables describing the location of the sample (i.e., Longitude, Latitude, and NTS_Map) and then the major elements. The trace elements occur next, but are listed in a separate linked table (Table 2). The field information is located at the end and includes such information as the year of sample collection or analysis, geologist, rock type, age, colour, alteration, fabric, and presence or absence of various minerals in outcrop or hand sample.

Table 2: List of trace elements.
The trace elements are organized in alphabetical order of the element symbol (e.g., Ag followed by As etc.), except for the Lanthanides (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb, and Lu) which are grouped at the end and are listed in atomic number order for ease of plotting REE diagrams. Most of the trace elements have over 4000 sample analyses, but some, including most of the rare earths, only have 200 to 300 analyses (see Count column in Table 2 for the number of non-missing analyses).

The plutonic database has been compiled and updated by various geologists of the Newfoundland and Labrador Geological Survey, including A. Kerr, J.P. Hayes, W.L. Dickson, S.P. Colman-Sadd, A.J. Butler and P. Honarvar.

Open File reports, maps and digital data issued by the Geological Survey Division of the Mining and Mineral Development Branch, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, are made available for public use. They have not been formally edited or peer reviewed, and are based upon preliminary data and evaluation.

The user agrees not to provide a digital reproduction or copy of this product to a third party. Derivative products should acknowledge the source of the data.

The Geological Survey (the "authors and publishers") retains the sole right to the original data and information found in any product produced. The authors and publishers assume no legal liability or responsibility for any alterations, changes or misrepresentations made by third parties with respect to these products or the original data. Furthermore, the Geological Survey assumes no liability with respect to digital reproductions or copies of original products or for derivative products made by third parties. Please consult with the Geological Survey in order to ensure originality and correctness of data and/or products.

(for downloaded database)

Newfoundland and Labrador Geological Survey. "Plutonic Database." Newfoundland and Labrador GeoScience Atlas OnLine. Last update: September 2010. https://geoatlas.gov.nl.ca . [fill in date downloaded].

The original source should be referenced, wherever possible. All samples have a year, project geologist and NTS map sheet which will help in determining a report or paper related to the samples of interest (see Geofiles to search for reports). Note that many samples were collected in order to clarify the geology and their geochemical data may not be included in any reports or papers.

Dickson, W.L., and Kerr, A.
2007: An updated database of historic geochemical data for granitoid plutonic suites of Newfoundland. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey, Open File NFLD/2957. (Geofile NFLD/2957)

Finch, C.J.
1998: Inductively coupled plasma-emission spectrometry (ICP-ES) at the geochemical laboratory. In Current research, Edited by C. P. G. Pereira, and D. G. Walsh, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey Branch, Report 98-01, pages 179-193. (Geofile NFLD/2646)

Hayes, J.P.
1994: Analytical accuracy: a review of analyses of the standards SY-2 and MRG-1 from departmental records. In Current research, Edited by C. P. G. Pereira, D. G. Walsh and R. F. Blackwood, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey Branch, Report 94-01, pages 117-134. (Geofile NFLD/2497).

Hayes, J.P.
1994b: An integrated lithogeochemical database for the granitoid plutonic suites of Newfoundland. Part B: Precision of major and trace element data in the Newfoundland database. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey, Open File NFLD/2377, 42 pages. (Geofile NFLD/2377)

Kerr, A., Hayes, J.P., Colman-Sadd, S.P., Dickson, W.L. and Butler, A.J.
1994: An integrated lithogeochemical database for the granitoid plutonic suites of Newfoundland. Part A: Descriptive and interpretive guide to digital geochemical data release. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey, Open File NFLD/2377, 83 pages. (Geofile NFLD/2377)

Wagenbauer, H.A., Riley, C.A., Dawe, G.
1983: Geochemical laboratory. In Current research, Edited by M.J. Murray, P.d. Saunders, W.D. Boyce and R.V. Gibbons, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 83-01, pages 133-137. (Geofile NFLD/1332)

Blackwood, R.F.
1983: Notes on the geology of the Great Gull Lake map area [2D/6], Newfoundland. Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division (accompanies Map 82-71). (Geofile 002D/06/0176)

Blackwood, R.F.
1984: Geology of the Dolland Brook Map area [11P/15], southern Newfoundland. In Current research, Edited by M. J. Murray, J. G. Whelan and R. V. Gibbons, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 84-01, pages 198-211. (Geofile NFLD/1363)

Blackwood, R.F.
1985: Geology of the Grey River area, southwest coast of Newfoundland. Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 85-01, pages 153-165. (Geofile NFLD/2240)

Blackwood, R. F., Green, L. and Davenport, P. H.
1983: Rock geochemical data from the Middle Ridge Granite, Newfoundland, a supplement. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Open File 2D/0142, 26 pages. (Geofile 02D/0142)

Colman-Sadd, S.P.
1979: Geology of Twillick Brook [2D/4] and part of Burnt Hill [2D/5], Newfoundland. In Report of activities for 1978, Edited by R. V. Gibbons, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 79-01, pages 30-34. (Geofile NFLD/0416)

Colman-Sadd, S.P.
1983: Geology of the east half of the Cold Spring Pond map area [12A/1], Newfoundland. In Current Research, Edited by M. J. Murray, P. D. Saunders, W. D. Boyce and R. V. Gibbons. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 83-01, pages 16-25. (Geofile NFLD/1332)

Colman-Sadd, S.P.
1984: Geology of the Cold Spring Pond map area [west part] 12A/1, Newfoundland. In Current research, Edited by M. J. Murray, J. G. Whelan and R. V. Gibbons. Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 84-01, pages 211-219. (Geofile NFLD/1363)

Colman-Sadd, S.P.
1985: Geology of the Burnt Hill map area [2D/5], Newfoundland. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 85-3, 94 pages. (Geofile 002D/05/0158)

Colman-Sadd, S.P., Dickson, W.L., Elias, P. and Davenport, P.
1981: Rock geochemical data from plutonic intrusions of south-central Newfoundland. Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Open File NFLD/1157, 6 pages. (Geofile NFLD/1157)

Colman-Sadd, S.P. and O'Driscoll, C.F.
1979: Geology of parts of the Gaultois [1M/12] map area. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Open File 1M/12/0348, 1979, 35 pages. (Geofile 001M/12/0348)

Colman-Sadd, S.P. and Swinden, H.S.
1982: Geology and mineral potential of south-central Newfoundland. Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 82-8, 102 pages. (Geofile NFLD/1311)

Davenport, P.H.
1978: Uranium distribution in the granitoid rocks of eastern Newfoundland. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Open File NFLD/0946, 148 pages. (Geofile NFLD/0946)

Davenport, P.H., Tuach, J. and Dickson, W.L.
1983: Computer-aided analysis of lithogeochemical data from Newfoundland granites and its role in mineral exploration. In Preliminary current research reports, Edited by R. V. Gibbons. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Preliminary Progress Reports, pages 107-115. (Geofile NFLD/2241)

Dickson, W.L.
1983: Geology, geochemistry and mineral potential of the Ackley granite and parts of the Northwest Brook and Eastern Meelpaeg Complexes, southeast Newfoundland. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 83-6, 129 pages. (Geofile NFLD/1480)

Dickson, W.L.
1986: Comment on "S-type granites and their probable absence in southwestern North America. Geology, vol. 14 no. 10, 1986, pages 894-895. (Geofile NFLD/2525)

Dickson, W.L.
1990: Geology of the North Bay Granite Suite and metasedimentary rocks in southern Newfoundland [NTS 11P/15E, 11P/16 and 12A/2E]. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey Branch, Report 90-3, 101 pages. (Geofile NFLD/2501)

Dickson, W.L.
1993: Geology of the Mount Peyton map area [NTS 2D/14], central Newfoundland. In Current Research, Edited by C.P.G. Pereira, D.G. Walsh and R.F. Blackwood, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey Branch, Report 93-01, pages 209-220. (Geofile NFLD/2496)

Dickson, W.L.
2000: Geology of the eastern portion of the Dawes Pond (NTS 12H/1) map area, central Newfoundland. In Current Research, Edited by C.P.G. Pereira and D.G. Walsh, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey, Report 2000-01, pages 127-145. (Geofile NFLD/2694)

Dickson, W.L. and Delaney, P.W.
1983: Geology of the Wolf Mountain [12A/2E] and Dolland Brook [11P/15E] map areas, south-central Newfoundland. In Preliminary current research reports, Edited by R. V. Gibbons. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Preliminary Progress Reports, pages 83-88. (Geofile NFLD/2241)

Dickson, W.L., Delaney, P.W., and Poole, J.C.
1985: Geology of the Burgeo Granite and associated rocks in the Ramea [11P/11] and La Hune [11P/10] map areas, southern Newfoundland. In Current Research Part B, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 85-01B, pages 601-608. (Geofile NFLD/2017)

Dickson, W.L., Elias, P. and Talkington, R.W.
1980: Geology and geochemistry of the Ackley Granite, southeast Newfoundland. In Current Research, Edited by C.F. O'Driscoll and R.V. Gibbons, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 80-01, pages 110-119. (Geofile NFLD/1148)

Dickson, W.L. and MacLellan, H.E.
1980: Geology of Wolf Mountain [12A/2W 1/2] and Burnt Pond [12A/3E 1/2], Newfoundland. In Preliminary project reports for 1980. Compiled by R. V. Gibbons and C. F. O'Driscoll. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Preliminary Progress Reports, pages 30-32. (Geofile NFLD/0978)

Elias, P.
1980: Granite geochemistry project ? Bay Despoir area. In Current Research, Edited by C.F. O'Driscoll and R.V. Gibbons, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 80-01, 1980, pages 50-52. (Geofile NFLD/1148)

Fryer, B.J., Kerr, A., Jenner, G.A. and Longstaffe, F.J.
1992: Probing the crust with plutons: regional isotopic geochemistry of granitoid intrusions across insular Newfoundland. In Current research, Edited by C. P. G. Pereira, D. G. Walsh and R. F. Blackwood, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey Branch, Report 92-01, 1992, pages 119-139. (Geofile NFLD/2495)

Hayes, J.P., Dickson, W.L. and Tuach, J.
1987: Preliminary map, Newfoundland granitoid rocks, nomenclature, distribution and possible classification. Map with marginal notes. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Map 87-085. (Geofile NFLD/1636)

Kerr, A.
1990: Integration and interpretation of geochemical data from granitoid rocks of insular Newfoundland [1M/NE, 1M/SE]: activities during 1990. In Report of activities 1990, Compiled by C. P. G. Pereira, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey Branch, Report of Activities, pages 36-39. (Geofile NFLD/2488)

Kerr, A.
1994: The Hodges Hill granite between Grand Falls and Badger [NTS 2D/13 and 2E/4]: a summary of its geology and dimension-stone potential. In Report of activities 1994, Edited by C. P. G. Pereira, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey Branch, Report of Activities, pages 66-70. (Geofile NFLD/2492)

Kerr, A., Dickson, L., Hayes, J. and Fryer, B.
1990: Geochemical overview of late- and post-orogenic granites across Newfoundland: part of a long-term project to integrate and interpret our large inventory of data. In Lithoprobe East, report of Transect Meeting, October 24-25, 1990, Memorial University, St Johns, Newfoundland, Edited by J. Hall, Lithoprobe Report no. 13, pages 117-134. (Geofile NFLD/2198)

Kerr, A., Dickson, W.L., Hayes, J.P. and Fryer, B.J.
1993: Devonian post-orogenic granites on the southeastern margin of the Newfoundland Appalachians: a review of geology, geochemistry, petrogenesis and mineral potential. In Current research, Edited by C. P. G. Pereira, D. G. Walsh and R. F. Blackwood, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey Branch, Report 93-01, pages 239-278. (Geofile NFLD/2496)

Kerr, A., Dunning, G.R. and Tucker, R.D.
1993: The youngest Paleozoic plutonism of the Newfoundland Appalachians: U-Pb ages from the St. Lawrence and Francois granites. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, volume 30 number 12, pages 2328-2333. (Geofile NFLD/2415)

Kerr, A., Jenner, G.A. and Fryer, B.J.
1995: Sm-Nd isotopic geochemistry of Precambrian to Paleozoic granitoid suites and the deep-crustal structure of the southeast margin of the Newfoundland Appalachians. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, volume 32 number 2, pages 224-245. (Geofile NFLD/2509)

McConnell, J.
1985: Follow-up geochemistry: a discussion of field work over metalliferous and mineralized granitoid terrain in Newfoundland. In Current Research, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 85-1, p. 165-167. (Geofile NFLD/2240)

O'Brien, S.J., Dickson, W.L. and Blackwood, R.F.
1986: Geology of the central portion of the Hermitage Flexure Area [11P/NE, 11P/NW], Newfoundland. Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 86-1, pages 189-209. (Geofile NFLD/1607)

O'Brien, S.J., Strong, P.G. and Evans, J.L.
1977: The geology of the Grand Bank [1M/4] and Lamaline [1L/13] map areas, Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 77-07, 1977, 19 pages. (Geofile 001M/04/0170)

O'Brien, S.J. and Tomlin, S.
1984: Geology of the White Bear River map area [11P/14], southern Newfoundland. In Current research, Edited by M. J. Murray, J. G. Whelan and R. V. Gibbons, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 84-01, pages 220-231. (Geofile NFLD/1363)

O'Brien, S.J. and Tomlin, S.L.
1985: Geology of the Burgeo map area [11P/12], southwestern Newfoundland. In Current research, Edited by K. Brewer, D. Walsh and R. V. Gibbons, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 85-01, pages 114-123. (Geofile NFLD/2240)

Poole, J.C., Delaney, P.W. and Dickson, W.L.
1985: Geology of the Francois Granite, South Coast of Newfoundland. In Current Research Part B, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 85-01B, pages 609-616. (Geofile NFLD/2017)

Saunders, C.M. and Smyth, W.R.,
1990: Geochemical characteristics of the Gull Lake intrusive suite and Devils Room Granite, western White Bay, Newfoundland. In Current Research, Newfoundland Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey Branch, Report 90-1, p. 183-199. (Geofile NFLD/2493)

Strong, D.F.
1979: The Mount Peyton Batholith, central Newfoundland: a bimodal calc-alkaline suite. Journal of Petrology, volume 20 part 1, 1979, pages 119-138. (Geofile NFLD/1044)

Strong, D.F., Dickson, W.L., O'Driscoll, C.F. and Kean, B.F.
1974: Geochemistry of eastern Newfoundland granitoid rocks. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 74-3, 140 pages. (Geofile NFLD/0733)

Strong, D.F. and Dupuy, C.
1982: Rare earth elements in the bimodal Mount Peyton Batholith: evidence of crustal anatexis by mantle-derived magma. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, volume 19 number 2, pages 308-315. (Geofile NFLD/2235)

Strong, D.F., O'Brien, S.J., Taylor, S.W., Strong, P.G. and Wilton, D.H.
1977: Geology of the Marystown [1M/3] and St Lawrence [1L/14] map areas, Newfoundland. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 77-08, 1977, 89 pages. (Geofile NFLD/1492)

Strong, P.G.
1976: Geology of the Lawn area [1L/13], southeast Newfoundland. BSc, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, 1976, 96 pages. (Geofile 001L/13/0057)

Tuach, J.
1983: Metallogenic studies of granite-associated mineralization in the Ackley Granite and the Cross Hills Plutonic Complex, Fortune Bay area, Newfoundland. In Preliminary current research reports, Edited by R. V. Gibbons, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Preliminary Progress Reports, 1983, pages 97-106. (Geofile NFLD/2241)

Tuach, J.
1986: Metallogeny of Newfoundland granites ? studies in the western White Bay area and on the southwest coast. Coast. In Current research, Edited by R. F. Blackwood, D. G. Walsh and R. V. Gibbons, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Mineral Development Division, Report 86-01, 1986, pages 27-38. (Geofile NFLD/1607)

Tuach, J.
1991: The geology and geochemistry of the Cross Hills Plutonic Suite, Fortune Bay, Newfoundland [1M/10], an Eocambrian to Cambrian alkaline gabbro-granodiorite-granite-peralkaline granite-syenite suite containing minor Zr-Y-Nb-REE mineralization. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Department of Mines and Energy, Geological Survey Branch, Report 91-02, 86 pages. (Geofile 001M/10/0352)

Tuach, J., Davenport, P.H., Dickson, W.L., and Strong, D.F.
1986: Geochemical trends in the Ackley Granite, southeast Newfoundland: their relevance to magmatic-metallogenic processes in high-silica granitoid systems . Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, volume 23 number 6, pages 747-765. (Geofile NFLD/1843)

Williams, H., Dickson, W.L., Currie, K.L., Hayes, J.P. and Tuach, J.
1989: Preliminary report on classification of Newfoundland granitic rocks and their relations to tectonostratigraphic zones and lower crustal blocks. In Current Research Part B, Eastern and Atlantic Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 89-01B, pages 47-53. (Geofile NFLD/2024)

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